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twin crystal - перевод на арабский
.jpg?width=200 "Chrysoberyl showing cyclic twinning")
![electron micrograph]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Twin2.jpg?width=200 "electron micrograph]]).")
.png?width=200 "Twin lattice (2D). The long horizontal red line is the composition plane where the two crystal segments join. The upper crystal lattice is the reflection of the lower crystal lattice. The red points are the shared crystal lattice points.")
.JPG?width=200 "30° twin of staurolite")
![Diagram of twinned crystals of [[albite]]. On the more perfect cleavage, which is parallel to the [[basal plane]] (P), is a system of fine striations, parallel to the second cleavage (M).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Twinned crystals of Albite.png?width=200 "Diagram of twinned crystals of [[albite]]. On the more perfect cleavage, which is parallel to the [[basal plane]] (P), is a system of fine striations, parallel to the second cleavage (M).")
![[[Chang and Eng Bunker]], born in Siam (now [[Thailand]]) in 1811, were the origin of the term "Siamese twins".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chang-eng-bunker-PD.png?width=200 "[[Chang and Eng Bunker]], born in Siam (now [[Thailand]]) in 1811, were the origin of the term \"Siamese twins\".")
![Hereford]] breed in [[Miles City, Montana]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hereford twins.jpg?width=200 "Hereford]] breed in [[Miles City, Montana]]")
![[[Ibeyi]] duo Naomi (left) and Lisa-Kaindé Diaz are dizygotic (fraternal) twins.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibeyi by Maya Dagnino 2.jpg?width=200 "[[Ibeyi]] duo Naomi (left) and Lisa-Kaindé Diaz are dizygotic (fraternal) twins.")
![Comparison of zygote development in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In the uterus, a majority of monozygotic twins (60–70%) share the same [[placenta]] but have separate [[amniotic sac]]s. In 18–30% of monozygotic twins each fetus has a separate placenta and a separate amniotic sac. A small number (1–2%) of monozygotic twins share the same placenta and amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta and own amniotic sac.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Identical-fraternal-sperm-egg.svg?width=200 "Comparison of zygote development in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In the uterus, a majority of monozygotic twins (60–70%) share the same [[placenta]] but have separate [[amniotic sac]]s. In 18–30% of monozygotic twins each fetus has a separate placenta and a separate amniotic sac. A small number (1–2%) of monozygotic twins share the same placenta and amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta and own amniotic sac.")
![A pair of female [[ere ibeji]] twin figures (early 20th-century) in the permanent collection of [[The Children's Museum of Indianapolis]]. The [[Yoruba people]] have the highest dizygotic twinning rate in the world.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Female ere ibeji twin figure pair.jpg?width=200 "A pair of female [[ere ibeji]] twin figures (early 20th-century) in the permanent collection of [[The Children's Museum of Indianapolis]]. The [[Yoruba people]] have the highest dizygotic twinning rate in the world.")
![Dichorionic-diamniotic twins at 8 weeks and 5 days since [[co-incubation]] as part of IVF. The twin at left in the image is shown in the [[sagittal plane]] with the head pointing towards upper left. The twin at right in the image is shown in the [[coronal plane]] with the head pointing rightwards.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dichorionic twins with heart activity at 8w5d since co-incubation.gif?width=200 "Dichorionic-diamniotic twins at 8 weeks and 5 days since [[co-incubation]] as part of IVF. The twin at left in the image is shown in the [[sagittal plane]] with the head pointing towards upper left. The twin at right in the image is shown in the [[coronal plane]] with the head pointing rightwards.")
![gestational age]] of 15 weeks. There is no sign of any membrane between the fetuses. A [[coronal plane]] is shown of the twin at left, and a [[sagittal plane]] of parts of the upper thorax and head is shown of the twin at right.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Monoamniotic twins at 15 weeks.jpg?width=200 "gestational age]] of 15 weeks. There is no sign of any membrane between the fetuses. A [[coronal plane]] is shown of the twin at left, and a [[sagittal plane]] of parts of the upper thorax and head is shown of the twin at right.")
Википедия
Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals that are tightly bonded to each other. The surface along which the lattice points are shared in twinned crystals is called a composition surface or twin plane.
Crystallographers classify twinned crystals by a number of twin laws. These twin laws are specific to the crystal structure. The type of twinning can be a diagnostic tool in mineral identification.
Deformation twinning, in which twinning develops in a crystal in response to a shear stress, is an important mechanism for permanent shape changes in a crystal.
